“Alice Walker’s Depiction of Female Characters in ‘the...

â€Å"Alice Walker’s depiction of female characters in ‘The Color Purple’ is intended to act as a stark contrast to how many female characters have been portrayed throughout literature† Discuss this statement with reference to the critical anthology Throughout literature there has been an array of female portrayals, most prominently those in 19th century fiction, who didn’t work unless driven to it by necessity. Instead, the focus of interest was on the heroine’s choice of marriage partner, which would decide her ultimate social position and exclusively determine her happiness and fulfilment in life, or her lack thereof. However, when Walker published her novel The Color Purple, she rejected the traditional stance of the woman in literature†¦show more content†¦In one of her letters to Celie, Nettie says, â€Å"The Olinka do not believe that girl’s should be educated. A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something†¦the mother of his children†. This shows just how big a role sexual politics plays throughout the narrative as these thoughts aren’t only expressed in America with Celie; she is expected to look after Mr.―children; but also in the isola ted community of the Olinka tribe. Walker wants her reader to recognise that female subjugation is not restricted to the southern states of America, but is present across the world. Furthermore, the sexual politics within the novel are again highlighted through the way that Fonzo, Mr.― and then later Harpo treat their women. The women in the novel, in particular Celie, are seen by these men as being slaves or servants who are their to do the bidding of men whilst they enjoy life, as if the women have no rights or free will of their own. We are exposed to this harsh reality when Fonzo ‘gives Celie away’ to Mr.―, ‘She ain’t no stranger to hard work. And she clean†¦she can work like a man’. The way that Fonzo describes Celie holds likeness to how slave auctioneers would sell off potential slaves to potential slave owners. However, in spite of this cruel treatment at the hands of men, Walker is keen to show her readership that regardless of the hardships that women face, they can find comfort in strength in one another. A clear example of where we see this female

Pastoral Care And Social Conflict - 1786 Words

Pastoral Care and Social Conflict By Keith L. Green Pamela D. Couture and Rodney J. Hunter did an outstanding job of reflecting on the way pastoral care was executed in the church in the past; they were especially effective with comparing and contrasting it the social, economic, and cultural issues people are faced with today. As a result of some of these issues people have suffered- Black people in particular. This suffering sparked a need for change. The authors observe several of these issues such as: race, single parenting, and post-modern family, among others. In doing so, they focus on the pastoral work of Charles V. Gerkin by reviewing numerous essays of people from different walks of life. They discuss some of the traditional patterns in contemporary pastoral care, which has become a challenge, and in some cases a hindrance for doing ministry work in society today. In the work of Charles â€Å"Chuck† Gerkin, he draws upon the Gadamerian hermeneutical method, which is aimed toward a â€Å"fusion of horizons† of Christian story and human story. While he valued the individual conversations of chaplaincy and pastoral counseling, he also challenged pastoral care to consider the congregational, social institutional and cultural aspect of its work. Drawing upon the work of critical theory and of Erich Fromm in particular, Chuck was concerned with criticism of social institutions as they perpetuated injustice. He looked as did others in the immediate post-World War II era,Show MoreRelatedCommunication Strategy in Pastoral Counseling2804 Words   |  12 PagesCS in PC 1 Communication Strategy; Use in Pastoral Counseling Rosa Menchen COMM 200 Instructor B. Matts May 24, 2010 CT in PC 2 I not only plan on furthering my career, but attending post graduate school, and obtain a MDiv. My ultimate goal is to become a health care chaplain, and/or an emergency chaplain. Having previous experience in the health care field, as well as a chaplaincy in the American Legion for several years, I have found that pursuit of this goal would not onlyRead MoreSpiritual Needs Assessment Tool1584 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: THE SPIRITUAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOL The Spiritual Needs Assessment Tool Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Health Care HLT-310V September 06, 2011 The Spiritual Needs Assessment Tool For health care providers to deliver the best holistic care that patients deserve, a thorough spiritual assessment must be included during their care. With more research showing a relationship between supporting a patient’s spirituality with their health and ability to cope with illnessRead MoreCounseling993 Words   |  4 Pagesmake decisions and resolve conflicts. Counselors provide service on different settings like the workplace, schools, colleges and other places as well. They also provide this service to families, groups or individuals. The most recent trends in counseling are through the internet and counseling in the community. These trends cover different parts of the community like business, career centers, religious organizations, and local neighborhood comprehensive health care centers. For instance,Read MoreHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 PagesResearch questions 11 1.5 Definition of key terms 12 1.6 Acronyms: 12 1.7 Significance of the study 13 1.8 Limitations 14 1.9 Delimitations 14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.0 INTRODUCTION 15 2.1 The origin of pastoral care 15 2.2 What is pastoral care? 16 2.3 Perceptions about implementation of PC in schools 17 2.3.1 International Perspectives 17 2.3.2 Different perspectives about benefits of PCP. 19 2.3. Challenges of implementing PCP 20 2.3.4 Conclusion 22 2.4 BotswanaRead MoreThe Heemer Essay examples708 Words   |  3 Pagesusing the 5 basic themes of AP World. Theme 1 is Interaction Between Humans and the Environment. Theme 2 is Development and Interaction of Cultures. Theme 3 is State-Building, Expansion and Conflict. Theme 4 is Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems. Theme 5 is Development and Transformation of Social Structures. All of these themes apply in the movie Hotel Rwanda. Hotel Rwanda portrays how the Rwandan Civil War went down and how the Milles Collines helped save many Hutus from being killedRead MoreCatholic Social Teaching1742 Words   |  7 PagesSocial doctrine of the church as a social instrument of the new evangelization Three terms are present in the title of this issue: two explicit (social doctrine of the church and new evangelization) and an implicit (evangelization). We can’t talk about the new evangelization without connecting it with the evangelization itself; the relationship between the church’s social doctrine and the new evangelization comes through the evangelization. The first thing it’s the evangelization, the most originalRead MoreConcept of Critical Care1266 Words   |  6 PagesCONCEPT OF CRITICAL CARE Critical care nursing is that specialty within nursing that deals specifically with human responses to life-threatening problems. * As defined by the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses: Specialized nursing care of critically ill patients who have manifest or potential disturbances of vital organ functions. Critical care nursing means assisting, supporting and restoring the patient towards health, or to ease the patient’s pain and to prepare them for a dignifiedRead MoreThere Was Only One Lead By Pastor Marc1376 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2016: there was only one lead by Pastor Marc. Once the coaching relationship began staff meetings happened every Tuesday unless there was a scheduling conflict and if that happened they were moved to Thursday. 2015:   1/13,1/20,2/3, 2/10,3/10, 5/2, 11/10, 11/17, 12/1, 12/8, 12/15 (remember pastor began his leave in August) In 2014 the staff meetings were more frequent. 2014: 1/14, 1/21, 2/4, 2/18, 2/25, 3/11, 3/18, 4/9, 4/15, 4/22, 4/29, 5/13, 5/20, 6/3, 6/10, 7/1, 7/8, 7/15, 8/5, 8/26Read MorePastoral Care and Counseling Essay5654 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction Pastoral care and Counseling is one of the important ministries in the Church at any place in the world. Our churches are filled with people who experience crisis, lost, loneliness, anxiety, depression, divorced, and family problems. Pastors have a huge opportunity to help people just by listening and encouraging those in household of faith. In some cases it is just enough to listen and teach biblical principles of living but in the other cases there is the need to be specifically trainRead MoreThe Role Of Leadership As A Leader1728 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitutes a death wish for a church. â€Å"Leaders create conditions that make something new possible.† In other words, a congregational leader is not afraid of the conflict that arises by a truthful evaluation of the establishment, but rather uses the conflict as a means to teach and wrestle with truth. The partnership of truth, evaluation, conflict, response, and vision encompass a process by which a leader facilitates the development of vision. In healthy congregations, there is always push back to change

Marketing Plan and Marketing Strategy Free Essays

Complete understanding of the marketplace and very careful planning are very important in developing a business strategy that will guarantee success. Successful businesses have certainly all stated with a very efficient and effective marketing plan. In running a business, marketing plays a very important role. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan and Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The business owner must be knowledgeable with the business’ customers, with their competitors, their strengths and weaknesses. These elements along with others should be well-defined in order to develop a well-written marketing plan and should be carried out though effective marketing strategies. Marketing Plan and its Overall Purpose An excellent marketing plan will draw how the business can catch the attention and retain their customers, how it will content with identified competitors and the needed fund to achieve desirable results. The marketing plan should incorporate a thorough market research, location of the business, the targeted group of customers, competition, product or service to put in the market for sale and effective strategies for promotions and advertisements. A marketing plan assists the business to incorporate its total marketing effort. It makes sure of a logical and organized approach to products and services development in order to meet and satisfy the needs of the customers. (Paul, 2007) Conducting a market research is needed to start an effective marketing plan. Through market research, relevant data will be gathered in order to help the business to solve possible problems in marketing. Frequently, the most common way of conducting market research is though survey via direct mail, telephone survey or facilitating a focus group session. Derivative or secondary data is also important to a successful market plan. Studies and reports done by different sectors of the society, like the government, associations and other businesses within the industry can provide very significant data and statistics on the research area. Consumer behavior research as the scientific study of the processes consumers use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products and services that satisfy their needs is very important in market research. Consumer behavior unswervingly affects marketing strategy. This is because of the concept of marketing, the idea that firms are present to satisfy customer needs (Winer, 2000). In writing the marketing plan the business needs to be clear on its objectives and how they will achieve them. A good marketing plan makes realistic, measurable and very clear objectives, which includes deadlines, provides a budget and designates responsibilities. A marketing plan is comprised of an analysis of the current market of the business, the business’ objectives, the business’ key strategies, the business’ actions to attaining their objectives, their allocated budget and the effective timing of entering and positioning in the market Regardless of what type of market research a business will do, the focus should be on gathering sufficient information to find out who the potential customers are, if there is product or service demand for the business, if there are competitors in the scope of the business and how can the business be successful in the marketplace that they belong to. A comprehensive and a well-written marketing plan is very vital to all business undertakings because it illustrates how the business plan to attract and retain customers, how they will compete with their competitors, and what resources will they have available to attain the identified goals of the business. (Paul, 1997) Marketing Strategy and its Various Components In the present intense competition in the marketplace, a strategy that guarantees a coherent approach providing the business’ product or service in a way that it will outperform its competitors is very crucial. On the other hand, by defining the marketing strategy of the business, it is a must to have a well-written methodology for the everyday process of implementing it. There is little value to strategy when the business lacks the resources or the know-how in its implementation. The process of developing a marketing strategy involves the consideration of many factors. Out of those factors some are more important compared with the others. For the reason that each strategy must prioritize some distinct considerations, it is not rational to determine each important factor at a generic level. (Porter, 1998) In developing a marketing strategy, there are two major components, which are: How will the business address the competition in the market How will the business carry out and support their daily operations After selecting the direction which is the most ideal for the overall objectives of the business, the next step is to consider the following factors in order to select a strategy for the offering that will outsell in the market: (Porter, 1998) Pricing After determining the overall objective of the offering and selecting a generic strategy, the business should then decide on the range of closely associated operational strategies. One of these is how will the business price the offering. The pricing strategy is mostly influenced by the business’ necessity for net income and the objectives for stable market control. Promotion In order to sell an offering, the business should effectively promote and advertise it. Place of Distribution The business must choose the distribution channel and the method that will be utilized to get the offering into the close to the customer. Product/Service The business should be scrupulously familiar with the factors that launch products/services as strong contenders in the marketplace. Once the strategy is defined the must use the gathered information to determine whether this strategy will attain the objective of making the business competitive in the marketplace. Marketing Plan and a Marketing Strategy Fitting Together The marketing plan is how the business puts marketing strategy into practice. It is worth emphasizing the main points of the business’ strategy in the plan. The marketing plan functions as a detailed road map for the planning and supervision of all marketing undertakings for a given period. An effective marketing plan must be customized and it may be essential to change a range of sections to meet the changing needs of the business to which it applies. Effective marketing plans start by studying what is presently happening and what has happened in the past. It is unworkable to build up solid plans for the future if the present situation is misunderstood. The marketing plan can then be considered as the practical application of their marketing strategy. In effect, the business will not have a marketing plan without a marketing strategy. Then marketing strategies sets in by being delivered by the business’ detailed marketing plan. Conclusion Operating successful business is not an easy task; it involves a great deal of business knowledge. Marketing is simply all about letting people know about the product or service that a certain business offers, and influencing potential customers to buy or use it. And for effective marketing the business have to let people know about their product or service constantly and to do this, the business will to have to come up with both an appropriate and effective marketing strategy and a marketing plan. References: Paul, S. (2007). Why Need a Marketing Plan?, Legal Zoom Article Center. Porter, M. (1998). Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press. Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. How to cite Marketing Plan and Marketing Strategy, Essay examples

Uniform accounting standards free essay sample

In order to answer this question one must first identify what the phrases â€Å"accounting standards† and â€Å"financial reporting† refer to. Accounting standards refer to the accounting methods used in an accounting system like the IFRS. Financial reporting refers to the representation of financial information, in order to be uniform the financial reporting must be based on a fixed set of rules, invole complete objectivity and no bias. The IFRS (International financial reporting standards) has indeed helped the uniformity of financial reporting. However, in some cases due to subjectivity involved, created by human judgment, the financial information reported may not be uniform. Furthermore the various methods permitted by the IFRS for the valuation of assets, inventory, and other components, create non-uniform financial reports. Uniform accounting standards are vital for uniform financial reporting as they specify the accounting methods used to interpret business transactions, this in turn creates an agreement on how commercial transactions are to be accounted for thereby creating uniform financial reporting. For example, the IFRS states that assets are to be recorded at the lower of their historical cost or net realizable value on the statement of financial position as a result all assets are reported in a uniform way. There are many other cases that lead to uniform financial reporting, but the main point is the standard rules implemented by the IFRS lead to a uniform way of reporting certain financial information. However there are some aspects of uniform accounting standards that can lead to non-uniform financial reporting. In the case of the IFRS there are some aspects involved that rely heavily on human judgment. This subjective element can lead to varying financial reporting. For example the calculation of fair value is a highly subjective process. Especially for intangible assets like pension costs and share based payments, in both cases their respective fair values will be determined by hypothesizing what a market price would be if there were a market. Though these judgments are based on a large amount of quantitative data there is a large degree of human judgment involved. Similarly when it comes to depreciating an asset a firm has many options, which as will be discussed later pose other problem, under the IFRS an entity can be depreciated by several methods examples being the straight line and the reducing balance methods. The method chosen depends on the person’s perception of how the value of an asset depreciates over time thus creating a subjective aspect. It is worth mentioning however that this subjective component is crucial in capturing the realistic changes in value of an asset. If there were a rule stating that the only method allowed was the straight line though uniformity would be created across financial reporting a degree of realism would be removed for example a piece of agricultural land could degrade exponentially each year suggesting that an alternative method would be more accurate in capturing the value over time. Another problem associated with the IFRS, in relation to uniform financial reporting, is that there are many methods one can use to present financial information. For example under the IFRS companies can employ one of three cost formulas when reporting inventory expenses, specific identification, first in first out, or weighed average cost. Depending on what cost method is used inventory will be reported differently. Firms in many cases take advantage of this flexibility by employing the cost method that reports the cost of inventory at its lowest value thereby increasing profit. This flexibility hampers uniform financial reporting . However the IFRS has enforced other rules that counter the flexibility of others. In the case of costing inventory though the firm has three options to choose from under the IFRS (IAS 2. 26)†an entity must use the same cost formula for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the entity. That is, a multinational company must use a consistent inventory policy election for each class of inventory in all of its worldwide subsidiaries†. Furthermore other accounting systems like the US GAAP allow an additional method of costing inventory (last in last out), which creates even more flexibility and also do not provide any rules like IAS 2. 26 to counter such flexibility. Another important point is that certain firms may employ creative accounting to take advantage of the subjective component as well as the flexibility provided by the IFRS to manipulate certain financial information. This produces non uniform financial reporting, however the use of auditors can be used to hinder this aspect as auditors will present a non bias report of the financial data. In conclusion uniform accounting standards in the context of the IFRS do, to a certain extent, produce uniform financial reporting as they specify the accounting methods used to interpret business transactions, which lead to agreement on how commercial transactions are to be accounted. However in some cases these rules involve a subjective component, which can lead to non-uniformity because different people may have different perceptions of a certain accounting aspect like the fair value of an asset. In my opinion however in the context of the IFRS this subjective element does not lead to a great amount of non-uniformity due to the constant revaluations of components such as the fair value of assets. Furthermore the subjective decisions are based on large amounts of relevant data, which lead to fairly uniform reporting. In the case of the IFRS firms, which use creative accounting to manipulate their accounting information thereby creating non uniform reporting can be hindered by the use of auditors. Finally the various accounting methods permitted by the IFRS though lead to non-uniform financial reporting are opposed by other rules such as the IAS 2. 26. Once again firms that employ creative accounting to take advantage of the flexibility created by the IFRS are hindered through auditors. Therefore I believe that the IFRS does indeed produce uniform financial reporting.