Bovine Spongiform Encephalophathy Essay -- BSE Prion Mad Cow Disease

Bovine Spongiform Encephalophathy Abstract: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is caused by a prion, which is an infectious agent comprised solely of protein. The prion is a degenerate form of a normal cellular protein found in the brain and in nervous tissue. It targets the normal protein and causes the normal protein to change its shape. When enough of the prion is produced, the cell dies and symptoms of the disease are expressed. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), more commonly known as mad cow disease, is an unusual disease in regards to the fact that it is not caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or any other organism. Instead the disease is caused by prions, infectious agents simply composed of protein. Prions lack nucleic acid and are composed of an abnormal isoform of a normal cellular protein. What this means is that the prions and the cellular proteins have the same arrangements of the amino acids; however, the prion is folded differently from the cellular protein. "They are much like the toy "Transformers" that intrigued little kids in the 1980s. A sphynx could become a robot; a bug could become a warrior. Nothing was added; nothing subtracted."(Ruth Levy Guyer, Ph.D., 1) The tightly wound alpha helixes (figure 2) of the normal cellular proteins are unfolded and turn into beta sheets (figure 1). (Ruth Levy Guyer, Ph.D., 1) Figure 1 Figure 2 Another feature of the prion is its ability to remain stable in extreme conditions. Because prions do not have any DNA or RNA like other infectious agents, they are very hard to deal with. Prions are extremely resistant to conventional procedures to inactivate them including irradiation, boiling, dry heat, and chemicals such asformalin, betapropiolactone, and alcohols. S... ...is a disease that runs in families and prevents people from sleeping, causes motor and emotional problems, and is eventually a killer. GSS was linked to two mutations in the prion gene in 1989. Prion fragments accumulate in the brain in structures called plaques. In Alzheimer's disease, similar plaques develop, but they are composed of fragments of a different protein. Works Cited â€Å"Prion† Wikipedia. 28 July 2006 . DeArmond, Stephen J., M.D., Ph.D., Safar, Jiri, M.D., Groth, Darlene, A.B., Prusiner, Stanley B., M.D. â€Å"Prions† Office of Health and Safety. 28 July 2006 . Guyer, Ruth Levy, Ph.D. â€Å"Prions: Puzzling Infectious Proteins† National Institutes of Health Office of Science. 28 July 2006 .

Feasibility Study on Customized Shirt

Financial Study 5. 1 TOTAL PROJECT COST The L&M partnership needs a total cost of Php 12,000,000 to be able to operate its intended business covering the costs required for its initial operation. The amounts involve the costs of the purchases of office equipment, furniture & fixtures, raw materials, and office supplies; the costs of organizational and legal fees, and the acquisition of various permits and licenses from different government agencies. In addition, the loanable fund also form part in the amount specified.The initial costs of the proposed project are broken down as follows: Petty cash fund Php 15,000 Machinery 1,075,000 Office equipment 1,169,000 Supplies 132,400 Office furniture & fixtures 210,000 Store fixtures and equipment 96,000 Raw materials 555,000 Operating ash 8,839,500 Organizational cost 40,500 Php 12,000,000 5. 2 INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT The initial capital investment will be provided by the following partners: Incorporators |Subscribed Shares |Subscribed A mount |Paid-in Capital | |Labendia, Decerell |24,000 |Php 2,400,000 |Php 2,400,000 | |Lacsa, Ashleen |24,000 |Php 2,400,000 |Php 2,400,000 | |Laroza, Erika |24,000 |Php 2,400,000 |Php 2,400,000 | |Legamia, JohnLouie |24,000 |Php 2,400,000 |Php 2,400,000 | |Maranan, Oly |24,000 |Php 2,400,000 |Php 2,400,000 | |TOTAL |120,000 |Php 12,000,000 |Php 12,000,000 | 5. 3 FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS The financial assumptions of the L&M Partnership comprise the following: †¢ The income tax rate on the partnership is 30%. †¢ Depreciable assets would be depreciated using the straight-line method and would have a useful life of 10-15 years. †¢ Intangible assets are amortized every 5 years. †¢ Repair and maintenance expense would be incurred yearly without subsequent increases. †¢ Rent expense will increase every 5 years by 10%. †¢ Utilities expense will increase by 2% semi-annually. Advertising and promotional expense will increase by 5% annually. †¢ Office supplies e xpense will increase annually by 2%; 80% of these supplies would be used. †¢ Store supplies will increase annually by 2%; 80% of these supplies would be used. †¢ Salaries of the internal auditor, general manager, and supervisor will increase 2% annually. †¢ Salaries of the cashier, bookkeeper, and secretary will increase 4% annually. †¢ Salaries of the client representatives, the credit investigators, the consultants, the collectors will increase by 10% annually. †¢ Fixed selling price is 50% marked-up. †¢ Variable selling price increases annually by 5%. †¢ Sales increases by 4. 68% annually. Raw materials increases by 10% annually, 80% of which are completely manufactured. †¢ Franchise will be allowed at the third year of operation for P 250, 000. †¢ Franchise increases by 1 from the third year. †¢ 20% of sales is on account. 5. 4 PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET Account Titles20132014201520162017 ASSETS Current Assets Cash P 4,562,530 P 4,7 75,260 P 5, 201,002 P 5,445,231 P 5,500,604 Accounts receivable 558,205 600,980 654,620 705,127 723,345 Inventories 855,309 876,340 897,560 927,121 934,340 Total Current P 5,976,044 P 6,252,580 P 6,753,182 P 7,077,479 P 7,158,289 Non-current AssetsPPE P 5,719,762 P 5,829,120 P 5,971,024 P 6,113,261 P 6,321,456 Intangible assets 583,230 599,021 612,234 653,552 721,234 Total non-current P 6,302,992 P 6,428,141 P 6,583,258 P 6,766,813 P 7,042,690 Total assets P12,279,036 P12,680,721 P13,336,440 P13,844,292 P14,200,979 LIABILITIES & PARTNER’S EQUITY Current Liabilities Accounts payable P 128,479 P 301,456 P 502,398 P 600,214 P 733,659 Total current P 128,479 P 301,456 P 502,398 P 600,214 733,659 Partner’s Equity Labendia’s Capital P 2,400,000 P 2,400,000 P 2,400,000 P2,400,000 P 2,400,000Lacsa’s Capital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 Laroza’s Capital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 Legamia’s Capital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 Maranan’s Capital 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 Share in profit(loss) 150,557 379,265 668,220 1,244,078 1,467,320 Total PE P12,150,557 P 12,379,265 P12,668,220 P13,244,078 P13,467,320 TOTAL L&PE P12,279,036 P12,680,721 P13,336,440 P13,844,292 P14,200,979 5. 5 PROJECTED INCOME STATEMENT

Gender Role Effects in The Yellow Wallpaper - 1564 Words

Holly Fant Professor McClearen English 1102 24 April 2012 Gender Role Effects in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a feminist writer who wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† in the 1890’s. During this time period the woman were expected to keep the house clean, care for their children, and listen to their husbands. The men were expected to work a job and be the head of a household. The story narrates a woman’s severe depression which she thinks is linked to the yellow wallpaper. Charlotte Gilman experienced depression in her life and it inspired her to write â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The short story is based on a woman, not given a name in the text, who is very dependent on her husband. The narrator plays a gender role†¦show more content†¦She feels as if John is turning her whole family against her and her emotions. John never listens to anything his wife has to say to him. This is an example of how women feel their opinion or voice never mattered in the 1890’s. The wife goes into great detail describing the wallpaper as if someone was really seeing it in their mind as they read the story. The paint and paper look as if a boy’s school had used it. It is stripped off- the paper- in great patches all around the head of my bed, about as far as I can reach, and in a great place on the other side of the room low down. I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin. It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide- plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard-of contradictions. The color is repellent, almost revolting: a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others (678). 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However, after the 1960s when feminism became a trending topic of women in Europe, North America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, people started to comprehend that â€Å"The Y ellow Wallpaper† is a feminism narrative which accidentally developedRead More The Yellow Wallpaper and The Chrysanthemums 1017 Words   |  5 PagesSteinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The authors share views regarding a similar theme of male domination and imprisonment. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† involves the treatment of a depressed woman who is driven insane in a male imposed detention in her own room. On the other hand, Elisa Allen in the â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† struggles internally to find her place in a fully male dominated society with definite gender roles. 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